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Overview

Prowler is an Open Source security tool to perform AWS, Azure, Google Cloud and Kubernetes security best practices assessments, audits, incident response, continuous monitoring, hardening and forensics readiness, and also remediations! We have Prowler CLI (Command Line Interface) that we call Prowler Open Source and a service on top of it that we call Prowler SaaS.

Prowler CLI

prowler <provider>
Prowler CLI Execution

Prowler Dashboard

prowler dashboard
Prowler Dashboard

It contains hundreds of controls covering CIS, NIST 800, NIST CSF, CISA, RBI, FedRAMP, PCI-DSS, GDPR, HIPAA, FFIEC, SOC2, GXP, AWS Well-Architected Framework Security Pillar, AWS Foundational Technical Review (FTR), ENS (Spanish National Security Scheme) and your custom security frameworks.

Quick Start

Installation

Prowler is available as a project in PyPI, thus can be installed as Python package with Python >= 3.9:

pipx is a tool to install Python applications in isolated environments. It is recommended to use pipx for a global installation.

Requirements:

  • Python >= 3.9
  • pipx installed: pipx installation.
  • AWS, GCP, Azure and/or Kubernetes credentials

Commands:

pipx install prowler
prowler -v

To upgrade Prowler to the latest version, run:

pipx upgrade prowler
Warning

This method is not recommended because it will modify the environment which you choose to install. Consider using pipx for a global installation.

Requirements:

  • Python >= 3.9
  • Python pip >= 21.0.0
  • AWS, GCP, Azure and/or Kubernetes credentials

Commands:

pip install prowler
prowler -v

To upgrade Prowler to the latest version, run:

pip install --upgrade prowler

Requirements:

  • Have docker installed: https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/.
  • In the command below, change -v to your local directory path in order to access the reports.
  • AWS, GCP, Azure and/or Kubernetes credentials

Commands:

docker run -ti --rm -v /your/local/dir/prowler-output:/home/prowler/output \
--name prowler \
--env AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID \
--env AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY \
--env AWS_SESSION_TOKEN toniblyx/prowler:latest

Requirements for Developers:

Commands:

git clone https://github.com/prowler-cloud/prowler
cd prowler
poetry install
poetry run python prowler.py -v
Note

If you want to clone Prowler from Windows, use git config core.longpaths true to allow long file paths.

Requirements:

  • Python >= 3.9
  • AWS, GCP, Azure and/or Kubernetes credentials

Commands:

python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath
pipx install prowler
prowler -v

Requirements:

  • Ubuntu 23.04 or above, if you are using an older version of Ubuntu check pipx installation and ensure you have Python >= 3.9.
  • Python >= 3.9
  • AWS, GCP, Azure and/or Kubernetes credentials

Commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install pipx
pipx ensurepath
pipx install prowler
prowler -v

Requirements:

  • Brew installed in your Mac or Linux
  • AWS, GCP, Azure and/or Kubernetes credentials

Commands:

brew install prowler
prowler -v

After the migration of AWS CloudShell from Amazon Linux 2 to Amazon Linux 2023 [1] [2], there is no longer a need to manually compile Python 3.9 as it's already included in AL2023. Prowler can thus be easily installed following the Generic method of installation via pip. Follow the steps below to successfully execute Prowler v4 in AWS CloudShell:

Requirements:

  • Open AWS CloudShell bash.

Commands:

sudo bash
adduser prowler
su prowler
python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath
pipx install prowler
cd /tmp
prowler aws
Note

To download the results from AWS CloudShell, select Actions -> Download File and add the full path of each file. For the CSV file it will be something like /tmp/output/prowler-output-123456789012-20221220191331.csv

Requirements:

  • Open Azure CloudShell bash.

Commands:

python3 -m pip install --user pipx
python3 -m pipx ensurepath
pipx install prowler
cd /tmp
prowler azure --az-cli-auth

Prowler container versions

The available versions of Prowler are the following:

  • latest: in sync with master branch (bear in mind that it is not a stable version)
  • v3-latest: in sync with v3 branch (bear in mind that it is not a stable version)
  • <x.y.z> (release): you can find the releases here, those are stable releases.
  • stable: this tag always point to the latest release.
  • v3-stable: this tag always point to the latest release for v3.

The container images are available here:

High level architecture

You can run Prowler from your workstation, a Kubernetes Job, a Google Compute Engine, an Azure VM, an EC2 instance, Fargate or any other container, CloudShell and many more.

Architecture

Deprecations from v3

General

  • Allowlist now is called Mutelist.
  • The --quiet option has been deprecated, now use the --status flag to select the finding's status you want to get from PASS, FAIL or MANUAL.
  • All INFO finding's status has changed to MANUAL.
  • The CSV output format is common for all the providers.

We have deprecated some of our outputs formats:

  • The native JSON is replaced for the JSON OCSF v1.1.0, common for all the providers.

AWS

  • Deprecate the AWS flag --sts-endpoint-region since we use AWS STS regional tokens.
  • To send only FAILS to AWS Security Hub, now use either --send-sh-only-fails or --security-hub --status FAIL.

Basic Usage

To run Prowler, you will need to specify the provider (e.g aws, gcp, azure or kubernetes):

Note

If no provider specified, AWS will be used for backward compatibility with most of v2 options.

prowler <provider>
Prowler Execution

Note

Running the prowler command without options will use your environment variable credentials, see Requirements section to review the credentials settings.

If you miss the former output you can use --verbose but Prowler v4 is smoking fast, so you won't see much ;

By default, Prowler generates CSV, JSON-OCSF and HTML reports. However, you can generate a JSON-ASFF report (used by AWS Security Hub) with -M or --output-modes:

prowler <provider> -M csv json-asff json-ocsf html
The html report will be located in the output directory as the other files and it will look like:

Prowler Execution

You can use -l/--list-checks or --list-services to list all available checks or services within the provider.

prowler <provider> --list-checks
prowler <provider> --list-services

For executing specific checks or services you can use options -c/checks or -s/services:

prowler azure --checks storage_blob_public_access_level_is_disabled
prowler aws --services s3 ec2
prowler gcp --services iam compute
prowler kubernetes --services etcd apiserver

Also, checks and services can be excluded with options -e/--excluded-checks or --excluded-services:

prowler aws --excluded-checks s3_bucket_public_access
prowler azure --excluded-services defender iam
prowler gcp --excluded-services kms
prowler kubernetes --excluded-services controllermanager

More options and executions methods that will save your time in Miscellaneous.

You can always use -h/--help to access to the usage information and all the possible options:

prowler --help

AWS

Use a custom AWS profile with -p/--profile and/or AWS regions which you want to audit with -f/--filter-region:

prowler aws --profile custom-profile -f us-east-1 eu-south-2
Note

By default, prowler will scan all AWS regions.

See more details about AWS Authentication in Requirements

Azure

With Azure you need to specify which auth method is going to be used:

# To use service principal authentication
prowler azure --sp-env-auth

# To use az cli authentication
prowler azure --az-cli-auth

# To use browser authentication
prowler azure --browser-auth --tenant-id "XXXXXXXX"

# To use managed identity auth
prowler azure --managed-identity-auth

See more details about Azure Authentication in Requirements

Prowler by default scans all the subscriptions that is allowed to scan, if you want to scan a single subscription or various specific subscriptions you can use the following flag (using az cli auth as example): 

prowler azure --az-cli-auth --subscription-ids <subscription ID 1> <subscription ID 2> ... <subscription ID N>

Google Cloud

Prowler will use by default your User Account credentials, you can configure it using:

  • gcloud init to use a new account
  • gcloud config set account <account> to use an existing account

Then, obtain your access credentials using: gcloud auth application-default login

Otherwise, you can generate and download Service Account keys in JSON format (refer to https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/creating-managing-service-account-keys) and provide the location of the file with the following argument:

prowler gcp --credentials-file path

Prowler by default scans all the GCP Projects that is allowed to scan, if you want to scan a single project or various specific projects you can use the following flag: 

prowler gcp --project-ids <Project ID 1> <Project ID 2> ... <Project ID N>

See more details about GCP Authentication in Requirements

Kubernetes

Prowler allows you to scan your Kubernetes Cluster either from within the cluster or from outside the cluster.

For non in-cluster execution, you can provide the location of the KubeConfig file with the following argument:

prowler kubernetes --kubeconfig-file path
Note

If no --kubeconfig-file is provided, Prowler will use the default KubeConfig file location (~/.kube/config).

For in-cluster execution, you can use the supplied yaml to run Prowler as a job within a new Prowler namespace: 

kubectl apply -f kubernetes/job.yaml
kubectl apply -f kubernetes/prowler-role.yaml
kubectl apply -f kubernetes/prowler-rolebinding.yaml
kubectl get pods --namespace prowler-ns --> prowler-XXXXX
kubectl logs prowler-XXXXX --namespace prowler-ns

Note

By default, prowler will scan all namespaces in your active Kubernetes context. Use the flag --context to specify the context to be scanned and --namespaces to specify the namespaces to be scanned.

Prowler v2 Documentation

For Prowler v2 Documentation, please check it out here.