Attack Paths

Added in: 5.17.0 Attack Paths analyzes relationships between cloud resources, permissions, and security findings to detect how privileges can be escalated and how misconfigurations can be exploited by threat actors. By mapping these relationships as a graph, Attack Paths reveals risks that individual security checks cannot detect on their own — such as an IAM role that can escalate its own permissions, or a chain of policies that grants unintended access to sensitive resources.

​

Prerequisites

The following prerequisites are required for Attack Paths:

• An AWS provider is configured with valid credentials in Prowler App. For setup instructions, see Getting Started with AWS.
• At least one scan has completed on the configured AWS provider. Attack Paths scans run automatically alongside regular security scans — no separate configuration is required.

​

How Attack Paths Scans Work

Attack Paths scans are generated automatically when a security scan runs on an AWS provider. Each completed scan produces graph data that maps relationships between IAM principals, policies, trust configurations, and other resources. Once the scan finishes and the graph data is ready, the scan appears in the Attack Paths scan table with a Completed status. Scans that are still processing display as Executing or Scheduled.

​

Accessing Attack Paths

To open Attack Paths, click Attack Paths in the left navigation menu. The main interface is divided into two areas:

• Left panel: A table listing all available Attack Paths scans
• Right panel: The query selector, parameter form, and execute controls

​

Selecting a Scan

The scans table displays all Attack Paths scans with the following columns:

• Provider / Account: The AWS provider alias and account identifier
• Last scan date: When the scan completed
• Status: Current state of the scan (Completed, Executing, Scheduled, or Failed)
• Progress: Completion percentage for in-progress scans
• Duration: Total scan time

To select a scan for analysis, click Select on any row with a Completed status.

​

Choosing a Query

After selecting a scan, the right panel activates a query dropdown. Each query targets a specific type of privilege escalation or misconfiguration pattern. To choose a query, click the dropdown and select from the available options. Each option displays:

• Query name: A descriptive title (e.g., “IAM Privilege Escalation via AssumeRole”)
• Short description: A brief summary of what the query detects

Once selected, a description card appears below the dropdown with additional context about the query, including attribution links to external references when available.

​

Configuring Query Parameters

Some queries accept optional or required parameters to narrow the scope of the analysis. When a query has parameters, a dynamic form appears below the query description.

• Required fields are marked with an asterisk (*) and must be filled before executing
• Optional fields refine the query results but are not mandatory

If a query requires no parameters, the form displays a message confirming that the query is ready to execute.

​

Executing a Query

To run the selected query against the scan data, click Execute Query. The button displays a loading state while the query processes. If the query returns no results, an informational message appears. Common reasons include:

• No matching patterns found: The scanned environment does not contain the privilege escalation chain the query targets
• Insufficient permissions: The scan credentials may not have captured all the data the query needs

​

Exploring the Graph

After a successful execution, the graph visualization renders below the query builder in a full-width panel. The graph maps relationships between cloud resources, IAM entities, and security findings.

​

Node Types

• Resource nodes (rounded pills): Represent cloud resources such as IAM roles, policies, EC2 instances, and S3 buckets. Each resource type has a distinct color.
• Finding nodes (hexagons): Represent Prowler security findings linked to resources in the graph. Colors indicate severity level (critical, high, medium, low).

​

Edge Types

• Solid lines: Direct relationships between resources (e.g., a role attached to a policy)
• Dashed lines: Connections between resources and their associated findings

A legend at the bottom of the graph lists all node types and edge types present in the current view.

​

Interacting with the Graph

​

Filtering by Node

Click any node in the graph to filter the view and display only paths that pass through that node. When a filter is active:

• An information banner shows which node is selected
• Click Back to Full View to restore the complete graph

​

Graph Controls

The toolbar in the top-right corner of the graph provides:

• Zoom in / Zoom out: Adjust the zoom level
• Fit to screen: Reset the view to fit all nodes
• Export: Download the current graph as an SVG file
• Fullscreen: Open the graph in a full-screen modal with a side-by-side node detail panel

​

Viewing Node Details

Click any node to open the Node Details panel below the graph. This panel displays:

• Node type: The resource category (e.g., “IAM Role,” “EC2 Instance”)
• Properties: All attributes of the selected node, including identifiers, timestamps, and configuration details
• Related findings (for resource nodes): A list of Prowler findings linked to the resource, with severity, title, and status
• Affected resources (for finding nodes): A list of resources associated with the finding

For finding nodes, a “View Finding” button links directly to the finding detail page for further investigation.

​

Fullscreen Mode

To expand the graph for detailed exploration, click the fullscreen icon in the graph toolbar. The fullscreen modal provides:

• The full graph visualization with all zoom and export controls
• A side panel for node details that appears when a node is selected
• All filtering and interaction capabilities available in the standard view